Influence of different breathing patterns on front crawl kinematics

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different breathing patterns on the kinematics of front crawl. Eleven college swimmers (10 men and one woman) performed seven 25-m front crawl trials at maximum intensity, with 2-min intervals between trials. One trial was performed in the breath-holding condition and six trials were performed using variable breathing frequencies (every two, four and six strokes) and sides (preferred and opposite side). Twenty-five meter time (T25) and average stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and swimming velocity (SV) were obtained by video analysis and compared between conditions. The results showed that breathing side had no effect on T25, SR, SL, or SV. The breathing frequency was unable to change SV, but T25 and SR were higher for the two-stroke breathing pattern. Stroke length was greater when the swimmer breathed every two strokes compared to six strokes. The breath-holding condition produced lower T25 values and higher SV and SR compared to the other breathing patterns. In conclusion, the breathing side does not seem to interfere with the kinematic variables and breath-holding resulted in shorter swim times.